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Neuroimaging studies

Neuroimaging studies of hypnosis and hypnotic phenomena are a particularly interesting avenue of investigation as they can sidestep the 'demand characteristics' problem common to much hypnosis research. Like other hypnosis research, neuroimaging studies can be divided according to whether they are 'instrumental' and 'intrinsic' (Reyher, 1962; Barnier & McConkey, 2003; Oakley, 2006). Instrumental studies use hypnosis or suggestion as a research tool to investigate specific phenomenon, whereas intrinsic studies focus more on what is special about hypnosis.

Intrinsic

Instrumental

Rainville et al (1999)
conducted PET scans before and after a hypnotic induction (in the absence of suggestion), and also with hypnotic suggestions for pain modulation

Rainville et al (2000)
examined perceived mental relaxation and mental absorption using PET, before and after a hypnotic induction

Egner et al (2005)
examined attentional abilities in low and high hypnotizsbles at baseline, and following a hypnotic induction

Oakley et al (2007)
investigated the neural correlates of a hypnotic induction in fMRI

Rainville et al (1997)
used hypnotic suggestion to modulate the unpleasantness but not the intensity of a painful stimulus

Szechtman et al (1998)
used hypnotic suggestions to produce auditory hallucination

Kosslyn et al (2000)
used hypnotic suggestion to produce positive and negative colour hallucinations

Willoch et al (2000)
used hypnosis to produce phantom limb pain

Schulz-Stübner et al (2004)
studied pain responses before and after a hypnotic induction

Derbyshire, et al (2004)
used hypnotic suggestions to generate pain in the absence of noxious stimuli

Raij et al (2005)
used hypnotic suggestions to generate pain in the absence of noxious stimuli

Raz et al (2005)
used posthypnotic suggestions affecting participants' ability to read, which knocked out the Stroop effect

Röder et al (2007)
used hypnosis to study the experience of pain during hypnotically produced depersonalisation. Found reduced pain related activation in the depersonalisation condition.

Read an interesting critique of some hypnosis neuroimaging work on the Neurocritic's blog

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